Indus Water Treaty 1960: The Historic Pact for Survival
The Indus Water Treaty 1960 is a permanent bilateral agreement signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi between India and Pakistan and brokered by the World Bank. It allocates the six rivers of the Indus basin between the two countries, establishes the Permanent Indus Commission, and sets up a three-tier dispute resolution system. With no […]
Indus Water Treaty: The Ultimate Complete Guide
Indus Water Treaty remains one of the most significant water-sharing agreements in modern history. However, what happens when two nuclear-armed neighbours come into conflict over a water resource that supports more than 300 million people? This is not a hypothetical scenario. It reflects the reality surrounding the treaty today. The Indus Water Treaty is a […]
GIS-Based Environmental Monitoring Has Become Essential
GIS-Based Environmental Monitoring is transforming the way we understand and protect our planet. It is changing fast, and not for the better. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, climate and environmental changes are accelerating globally. Forests are disappearing, oceans are filling with pollution, and ecosystems are breaking down. The scary part? It is […]
Protection Forests: Why They Matter More Than Ever
Protection forests are among the most resilient and life-supporting systems on the planet. But they are disappearing, and everyone should be concerned. The world lost 10.6 million acres of tropical primary rainforest in 2025 alone, about 11 soccer fields every minute. This loss creates a ripple effect that breaks hearts. Species disappear. Watersheds destabilise. Climate […]
Climate Finance for Resilient Communities: Why It Matters
Introduction Climate finance for resilient communities is no longer a strategy buzzword. It is the lifeline that millions of people across the world are urgently waiting for. Floods arrive before recovery from the last one ends. Meanwhile, droughts stretch for years where rains once came on schedule. At the same time, heatwaves break records before […]
Global warming and climate change: Facts the World Must Face
Global warming and climate change are no longer future concerns. They are already affecting daily life through extreme heat waves, floods, droughts, melting glaciers, and rising sea levels. According to leading climate research and international scientific organizations, recent years have been among the warmest ever recorded, highlighting the growing impact of climate change on people, […]
Climate Finance: State Bank of Pakistan’s Green Banking Guidelines
Pakistan is responsible for less than 1% of the global carbon emissions. However, it ranks among the top ten highly climate change affected countries. The 2022 flooding was an event that cost 40 billion dollars. So, the fundamental issue here is how did the banking system in Pakistan react? The State Bank of Pakistan has […]
Climate Change and Food Security in Developing Countries
1. Introduction Climate change has become one of the defining global challenges of the twenty-first century. Rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, prolonged droughts, floods, cyclones, and shifting weather patterns are already transforming agricultural systems around the world. While climate change affects all countries, developing nations are facing the most severe consequences because their economies, livelihoods, and […]
Severe Weather Outlook: A Planet in Great Threat
In 2024, the USA experienced 27 big weather disasters, each causing more than $1 billion in damage, for a total of $182.7 billion. The severe weather outlook for our planet has never seemed more urgent. Extreme weather activities aren’t uncommon, but they’ll be turning into the trendy everyday, reshaping coastlines, destroying communities, and forcing tens […]
Ice Stupas: Artificial Glaciers for Climate-Resilient Water Security in Gilgit-Baltistan
1. Introduction Gilgit-Baltistan, situated in the northernmost region of Pakistan, is characterized by some of the world’s highest mountain ranges, including parts of the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush. The region’s mountainous terrain is home to extensive glaciers, which have historically acted as natural reservoirs, regulating water flow throughout the year. These glaciers feed rivers […]